Caesar

: The plot included his close friend Marcus Junius Brutus , leading to the legendary (though likely apocryphal) last words, "Et tu, Brute?".

: He was popular among commoners for forgiving debts , distributing land to veterans, and hosting lavish festivals. Caesar

: From 58–50 BCE, Caesar conquered Gaul (modern France and Belgium), bringing vast wealth and loyal veteran legions under his command. : The plot included his close friend Marcus

: On March 15, 44 BCE (the Ides of March), Caesar was stabbed 23 times in the Senate house. : On March 15, 44 BCE (the Ides

: Facing prosecution from political rivals in the Senate, Caesar defied orders to disband his army and crossed the Rubicon River in 49 BCE, sparking a civil war. Rule and Reform

: The assassination failed to restore the Republic. Instead, it led to more civil wars and the rise of his adopted heir, Augustus , as the first Roman Emperor. Key Figures & Events