: These account for the size of the windows, the wall material, and how much fuel (desks, paper) is actually in the room.
The "long story" of fire design for steel structures within the Eurocode framework is a journey from simple, "one-size-fits-all" fire tests to sophisticated engineering that mimics real-world physics.
Known as , this document defines fire as an action . It doesn't tell you how to build a steel beam—it tells you how the fire will "attack" it. Thermal Actions : How hot the air gets.
Historically, fire design was —you just had to survive a standard furnace test (the ISO 834 curve) for 30, 60, or 90 minutes. Eurocode 1 revolutionized this by offering two paths: Nominal Fires (The Old Way) :
: Using Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to "see" exactly how smoke and heat move.
They are easy to use but often unrealistic because they never cool down. :