: Acts of prejudice that are not criminal, such as using racial slurs or non-threatening bullying.

: Any form of expression intended to vilify, humiliate, or incite hatred against a group based on protected characteristics. It often relies on a "we vs. they" contrast and stereotypes.

: Younger adults (18-34) are significantly more likely (49%) to encounter online hate than older adults.

Online hate has surged, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by misinformation and social media algorithms that often amplify hateful content.

More Complete Information Needed about Hate Crimes ... - GAO

: Criminal acts (e.g., assault, vandalism, murder) where the perpetrator is motivated by bias. In the U.S., a hate crime occurs nearly every hour based on FBI data . 2. The Rising Digital Dimension