The hydrometallurgical process typically follows a three-stage sequence:
: Dissolved metals are separated from impurities. Hydrometallurgy: Principles and Applications
Production, Recycling and Economy of Palladium: A Critical Review Hydrometallurgy: Principles and Applications
: Uses organic solvents to selectively bind target metal ions. Hydrometallurgy: Principles and Applications
: Commonly uses sulfuric acid for copper and uranium.
: Adding reagents to force metals out of the solution as solid compounds. Industrial Applications