A Definitive Guideb... — Hydroponic Food Production:

While often viewed as modern technology, the roots of hydroponics extend back to ancient civilizations:

: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Aztec chinampas (floating gardens) are among the earliest examples of soil-free cultivation. Hydroponic Food Production: A Definitive Guideb...

: The 1970s saw the introduction of the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) and Deep Water Culture (DWC) , transitioning the practice from experimental to commercially viable. Primary Hydroponic Systems While often viewed as modern technology, the roots