: He argues that Ishmael was born to Abram , whereas Isaac was born to Abraham . Since God changed Abram's name to Abraham specifically for the covenant of promise, Suleman asserts that Ishmael belongs to the "old" identity and Isaac to the "new".
: In mainstream theology, the distinction is usually made between legitimacy in the covenant rather than biological paternity.
: The teaching aligns with the broader theological view that Ishmael was a "son of the flesh" (born of human effort through Hagar), while Isaac was the "son of the promise" (born through divine intervention). Broader Biblical Context