Vol. Iv | Istoria Europei

The authors detail how Europe became the "workshop of the world," leading to unprecedented economic growth but also deep social fractures.

A central theme of this era is the crystallization of national identities and the formation of major modern powers. Istoria Europei vol. IV

The emergence of the working class (proletariat) and the birth of socialist and Marxist ideologies as a response to industrial exploitation. The authors detail how Europe became the "workshop

European powers competing for colonial territories to secure resources and prestige. European powers competing for colonial territories to secure

The rise of the middle class as the dominant political and cultural force, defining the values of the "Belle Époque." 4. Imperialism and the Road to Total War

The volume begins with the , where European monarchs attempted to "turn back the clock" and suppress the liberal and nationalistic ideals sparked by the French Revolution.