Kratkoe Soderzhanie 14 Paragrafa Istorii Novogo Vremeni 7 Klass Access

The House of Hapsburg aimed for a "Universal Monarchy" under the Holy Roman Empire, leading to tensions with other emerging powers.

The transition of society from religious values toward nonreligious values and secular institutions. The House of Hapsburg aimed for a "Universal

Recognition that each state has exclusive authority over its territory. turning political rivalries into holy wars.

France and Sweden emerged as dominant European powers, while the Holy Roman Empire was significantly weakened. 💡 Core Vocabulary The House of Hapsburg aimed for a "Universal

This was the defining conflict of the era, initially sparked by religious tensions in Bohemia but evolving into a continent-wide struggle for power.

Summary: International Relations in the 16th–17th Centuries

The Reformation split Europe into Catholic and Protestant camps, turning political rivalries into holy wars.