Kohut redefined not as a stage to be outgrown, but as a separate line of development that persists throughout life.
: Unlike the abstract ego, the "self" is viewed as an "experience-near" structure responsible for maintaining a sense of continuity and well-being.
: Kohut proposed that a healthy self is established through two main poles:
: Develops through the ability to "merge" with a powerful, calm, and protective figure. Clinical Innovations
The book established new "industry standards" for treating personality disorders by introducing specific therapeutic techniques:
: Develops through "mirroring" (affirmation) from others.