The part that provides color (usually azo, anthraquinone, or phthalocyanine groups). Solubilising Group: Often sulfonic acid salts ( SO3Nacap S cap O sub 3 cap N a ) that make the dye water-soluble.
While reactive dyes are safer than many older synthetics (like those using heavy metals), they require large amounts of salt and water for the fixation and rinsing processes. Modern research focuses on "low-salt" dyes and increasing the to reduce chemical waste.
Excellent, because the dye is chemically locked to the fibre.
The "business end" that reacts with the fibre (e.g., vinyl sulfone or cyanuric chloride).
A major challenge where the dye reacts with water instead of the fibre, creating "spent" dye that must be washed away.
The part that provides color (usually azo, anthraquinone, or phthalocyanine groups). Solubilising Group: Often sulfonic acid salts ( SO3Nacap S cap O sub 3 cap N a ) that make the dye water-soluble.
While reactive dyes are safer than many older synthetics (like those using heavy metals), they require large amounts of salt and water for the fixation and rinsing processes. Modern research focuses on "low-salt" dyes and increasing the to reduce chemical waste. The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. Reactive Dyes
Excellent, because the dye is chemically locked to the fibre. The part that provides color (usually azo, anthraquinone,
The "business end" that reacts with the fibre (e.g., vinyl sulfone or cyanuric chloride). The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. Reactive Dyes
A major challenge where the dye reacts with water instead of the fibre, creating "spent" dye that must be washed away.