: Inventions like the steam engine, railroads, and the telegraph turned sleepy villages into massive factory cities.
By the late 19th century, industrialized powers like Britain, France, and the newly unified Germany raced to conquer territories in Africa and Asia to secure raw materials and markets. vsemirnaia istoriia novorgo vremeni reshebnik 9 klassa
: A wave of uprisings known as the "Spring of Nations" swept across Europe as people demanded democratic reforms and national independence. : Inventions like the steam engine, railroads, and
The story begins with the echo of the , which shattered the "Old Order" of absolute monarchs. The story begins with the echo of the
The middle of the century is defined by the , which began in Great Britain and spread globally.
: European monarchs met in 1815 to restore old borders, but the "genie" of revolution was already out of the bottle. 2. The Industrial Revolution: Steam and Iron (1800s)
: This period saw the unification of major nations that would dominate the 20th century: the Unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck and the Risorgimento (unification) of Italy. 4. The Global Reach: Imperialism and Conflict (Late 1800s)